Which action is essential before preparing food?

Washing hands thoroughly before preparing food is essential because it is a critical practice in maintaining food safety and hygiene. Proper handwashing removes dirt, bacteria, and viruses that may be present on the hands, reducing the risk of foodborne illnesses. This step is crucial in preventing contamination of the food being prepared, ensuring the safety of consumers.

While clearing the dining area, collecting customer orders, and planning the menu are important in the food service process, they do not directly contribute to the immediate safety and hygiene of food preparation. Therefore, handwashing stands out as the foundational action necessary for a clean and safe working environment in any food service establishment.